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Lead isotope ratios as a means of identifying anthropogenic inputs to soils
Soil multi-element analyses have repeatedly demonstrated enhanced concentrations of lead (Pb) associated with archaeological sites. However, interpretation of these Pb concentrations is difficult because of the multitude of possible Pb sources including the local geology, fuel materials, metal and alloys, and other imported goods.

This study of an abandoned croft in Shetland suggests Pb isotope ratios have the potential to:
 * Identify sources of anthropogenic Pb and track the movement of materials around the site, in this case fuel materials and manures.
 * Aid interpretation of space use and function.

The mixing of different materials in the soil, the availability of local and imported reference materials, and the relatively expensive nature of this technique are the biggest potential problems. However, where local Pb isotope ratios differ significantly from those of imported material this technique has significant potential for the elucidation of space use, soil inputs and management practices.

Keywords: Lead isotope ratios, Multi element analysis, Pb, Anthropogenic inputs, Fuel residues, Manuring

Click on the link below to open a pdf with a more detailed summary of this project.

[[media:Lead isotopes case study.pdf|Lead isotope ratios as a means of identifying anthropogenic inputs to soils]]

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